Graves of the Fireflies in Theaters Again 2018

1988 Japanese animated film by Isao Takahata

Grave of the Fireflies
Theatrical release poster
Japanese	火垂るの墓
Hepburn	Hotaru no Haka
Directed by	Isao Takahata
Screenplay past	Isao Takahata
Based on	"Grave of the Fireflies" by Akiyuki Nosaka
Produced by	Toru Hara
Starring	Tsutomu Tatsumi [ja] Ayano Shiraishi [ja] Yoshiko Shinohara [ja] Akemi Yamaguchi [ja]
Cinematography	Nobuo Koyama
Edited past	Takeshi Seyama
Music by	Michio Mamiya
Production company	Studio Ghibli
Distributed by	Toho
Release date	16 April 1988 (1988-04-16)
Running fourth dimension	89 minutes[i]
Country	Japan
Language	Japanese
Box role	¥1.vii billion (Japan)[2] $516,962 (US)[three]

Grave of the Fireflies (Japanese: 火垂るの墓, Hepburn: Hotaru no Haka ) is a 1988 Japanese blithe war tragedy film^{[4] [v]} based on the 1967 semi-autobiographical short story of the same proper noun by Akiyuki Nosaka. Information technology was written and directed by Isao Takahata, and animated by Studio Ghibli for the story's publisher Shinchosha Publishing (making it the but Studio Ghibli picture nether Tokuma Shoten ownership that had no involvement from them).^[6] The motion picture stars Tsutomu Tatsumi [ja], Ayano Shiraishi [ja], Yoshiko Shinohara [ja] and Akemi Yamaguchi [ja]. Set in the city of Kobe, Nippon, the film tells the story of two siblings, Seita and Setsuko, and their desperate struggle to survive during the concluding months of the Second World War. Grave of the Fireflies received critical acclaim and has been ranked equally ane of the greatest state of war films of all time and has been recognized as a major work of Japanese blitheness.^{[7] [8]}

Plot [edit]

Akitani Pond: The site where Seita and Setsuko lived alone together

In 1945, teenager Seita and his younger sister Setsuko'due south business firm is destroyed in a firebombing along with most of Kobe. They escape unharmed, but their mother dies from severe burns. Seita conceals their mother's decease from Setsuko in an attempt to keep her happy, which she later learns of despite Seita'south efforts. Seita and Setsuko move in with a afar aunt, and Seita retrieves supplies he buried before the bombing and gives everything to his aunt, save for a tin of Sakuma drops. The aunt convinces Seita to sell his female parent's silk kimono for rice as rations shrink and the number of refugees in the firm grows. Seita uses some of his mother's money in the bank to buy supplies, but somewhen, the aunt becomes resentful of the children, deeming them unworthy of earning her nutrient.

Seita and Setsuko decide to get out the aunt'south home after excessive insults, and they motility into an abased bomb shelter. They release fireflies into the shelter for light. The next day, Setsuko is horrified to find that the insects have died. She buries them in a grave, asking why they and her female parent had to die. As they run out of rice, Seita steals from farmers and loots homes during air raids, for which he is beaten and sent to the constabulary. The officer realizes Seita is stealing due to hunger and releases him. When Setsuko falls ill, a doc explains that she is suffering from malnutrition. Drastic, Seita withdraws the last of the money in their mother'southward bank business relationship. Later on doing and then, he becomes distraught when he learns that Japan has surrendered, and that his father, an Imperial Japanese Navy helm, is most likely dead, as about of Japan's navy has been sunk. Seita returns to Setsuko with food, only finds her dying. She later dies as Seita finishes preparing the nutrient. Seita cremates Setsuko'southward body and her blimp doll in a straw casket. He carries her ashes in the candy tin along with his father's photograph.

Shortly after the end of World War II, Seita dies of starvation at a Sannomiya train station surrounded by other malnourished people. A janitor is tasked with removing the bodies before the arrival of the Americans. The janitor sorts through Seita's possessions and finds the processed tin, which he throws into a field. Setsuko's ashes spread out, and her spirit springs from the tin and is joined by Seita'south spirit and a cloud of fireflies. They board a ghostly railroad train and, throughout the journey, expect back at the events leading to Seita'south death. Their spirits after arrive at their destination, good for you and happy. Surrounded by fireflies, they rest on a hilltop bench overlooking present-solar day Kobe.

Cast [edit]

Grapheme	Japanese voice player	English vocalisation player
		Skypilot Amusement/CPM (1998)	Toho/Seraphim/Sentai (2012)
Seita Yokokawa ( 横川 清太 )	Tsutomu Tatsumi [ja]	J. Robert Spencer	Adam Gibbs
Setsuko Yokokawa ( 横川 節子 )	Ayano Shiraishi [ja]	Corinne Orr	Emily Neves
Mrs. Yokokawa ( 横川 さん )	Yoshiko Shinohara [ja]	Veronica Taylor	Shelley Calene-Black
Seita and Setsuko's aunt	Akemi Yamaguchi [ja]	Amy Jones	Marcy Bannor
Seita and Setsuko'southward cousin	Kazumi Nozaki	Shannon Conley
Farmer		Dan Light-green
Physician	Michio Denpō	Crispin Freeman
Sometime man
Train station worker	Teruhisa Harita Michio Denpō		Andrew Dear

Production [edit]

Evolution [edit]

Incendiary bombs being dropped onto Kobe, the setting of the film

Grave of the Fireflies author Akiyuki Nosaka said that many offers had been made to brand a alive-action moving-picture show accommodation of his curt story.^[9] Nosaka argued that "it was incommunicable to create the arid, scorched earth that'southward to be the properties of the story".^[9] He as well argued that contemporary children would not be able to convincingly play the characters. Nosaka expressed surprise when an blithe version was offered.^[9] After seeing the storyboards, Nosaka ended that it was not possible for such a story to have been made in any method other than animation and expressed surprise in how accurately the rice paddies and townscape were depicted.^[9]

Isao Takahata said that he was compelled to film the brusque story after seeing how the master character, Seita, "was a unique wartime ninth grader".^[x] Takahata explained that any wartime story, whether animated or not blithe, "tends to be moving and tear-jerking", and that immature people develop an "inferiority complex" where they perceive people in wartime eras as existence more than noble and more than able than they are, and therefore the audience believes that the story has nothing to do with them. Takahata argued that he wanted to dispel this mindset.^[9] When Nosaka asked if the motion-picture show characters were "having fun", Takahata answered that he clearly depicted Seita and Setsuko had "substantial" days and that they were "enjoying their days".^[11] Takahata said that Setsuko was even more hard to animate than Seita, and that he had never before depicted a girl younger than 5.^[9] Takahata said that "In that respect, when you brand the book into a movie, Setsuko becomes a tangible person", and that four-year-olds often become more assertive and self-centered, and effort to get their own ways during that historic period. He explained that while one could "take a scene where Seita can't stand that anymore", it is "difficult to contain into a story".^[12] Takahata explained that the film is from Seita's point of view, "and even objective passages are filtered through his feelings".^[11]

Takahata said that he had considered using not-traditional animation methods, merely considering "the schedule was planned and the movie's release date set up, and the staff assembled, it was credible in that location was no room for such a trial-and-error approach".^[xi] He further remarked that he had difficulty animative the scenery since, in Japanese animation, one is "not allowed" to depict Nippon in a realistic mode.^[9] Animators often traveled to strange countries to do research on how to depict them, but such research had not been done earlier for a Japanese setting.^[ix] While animating the flick, Takahata also created several dissimilar cuts of the scene in which Seita cremates Setsuko's body. Takahata spent a lot of time on this scene, trying to create the perfect iteration of information technology. Each of these cuts remained unfinished and unused in the cease.^[13]

Well-nigh of the illustration outlines in the film are in chocolate-brown, instead of the customary black. Black outlines were only used when it was absolutely necessary. Color coordinator Michiyo Yasuda said this was done to give the film a softer experience. Yasuda said that this technique had never been used in an anime before Grave of the Fireflies, "and it was done on a claiming".^[nine] Yasuda explained that brown is more than difficult to use than black because it does not contrast as well as blackness.^[9]

Music [edit]

The film score was composed past Michio Mamiya. Forth with the original soundtrack, the song "Home Sweet Home", performed by coloratura soprano Amelita Galli-Curci, was included.^[fourteen] Dialogue of the film is part of the soundtrack, the music and dialogue are not separated in whatever fashion.^[xv] Mamiya is too a music specialist in baroque and classical music.

During an interview about his music, Mamiya stated that he creates his music to encourage peace.^[16] The songs in Grave of the Fireflies as well as other pieces by Michio Mamiya such equally Serenade No.three "Germ", limited this theme.^[sixteen]

Original Soundtrack^[15] [edit]

No.	Title	Length	No.	Title	Length	No.	Title	Length
one	節子と清太~メインタイトル (Setsuko and Seita - Main Title)	2:57	7	波打際 (The Beach)	1:37	13	ほたる (Fireflies)	4:12
2	焼野原 (The Burnt-out Area)	6:51	eight	日傘 (The Parasol)	two:26	14	ほたるの墓 (Grave of the Fireflies)	1:46
iii	母の死 (Mother's Expiry)	half dozen:34	9	桜の下 (Under the Cherry Blossoms)	1:31	15	夕焼け (Sunset Colors)	0:53
4	初夏 (Early on Summer)	three:14	ten	ドロップス (Drops)	ii:thirteen	16	修羅 (Scene of Carnage)	3:08
5	池のほとり (At the Shore of the Pond)	ii:21	11	引越し (Moving)	2:17	17	悲歌 (Elegy / Vocal of Sorrow)	three:12
6	海へ (To the Ocean)	i:37	12	兄妹 (Older Brother, Younger Sister)	2:15	18	ふたり~エンドタイトル [Two (People) - End Title]	8:52

Themes and analysis [edit]

Some critics in the Due west have viewed Grave of the Fireflies every bit an anti-war film due to the graphic and emotional depiction of the pernicious repercussions of war on a guild, and the individuals therein. The movie focuses its attention almost entirely on the personal tragedies that state of war gives rise to, rather than seeking to glamorize information technology as a heroic struggle between competing nations. Information technology emphasizes that war is society's failure to perform its most of import duty: to protect its own people.^[17]

However, manager Takahata repeatedly denied that the film was an anti-war picture. In his ain words, information technology "is not at all an anti-war anime and contains absolutely no such message". Instead, Takahata had intended to convey an image of the brother and sister living a failed life due to isolation from society and invoke sympathy particularly in people in their teens and twenties.^{[xviii] [nineteen]}

Since the moving picture gives little context to the war, Takahata feared a politician could just as easily claim fighting is needed to avoid such tragedies. In general, he was skeptical that depictions of suffering in similar works, such as Barefoot Gen, really prevent assailment. The director was nevertheless an anti-state of war advocate, a staunch supporter of Commodity 9 of the Japanese Constitution, and has openly criticized Japan's penchant for conformity, allowing them to be rallied against other nations. He expressed despair and anxiety whenever the youth are told to fall in line, a reminder that the country at its core has not changed.^[20]

Release [edit]

Theatrical [edit]

The film was released on xvi April 1988, over twenty years from the publication of the short story.^[12]

The initial Japanese theatrical release was accompanied past Hayao Miyazaki's calorie-free-hearted My Neighbour Totoro as a double feature. While the two films were marketed toward children and their parents, the starkly tragic nature of Grave of the Fireflies turned away many audiences. Even so, Totoro merchandise, particularly the stuffed animals of Totoro and Catbus, sold extremely well after the movie and made overall profits for the company to the extent that it stabilized subsequent productions of Studio Ghibli.

Grave of the Fireflies is the only theatrical Studio Ghibli feature film prior to From Upwardly on Poppy Hill to which Disney never had Due north American distribution rights, since it was non produced by Ghibli for parent company Tokuma Shoten merely for Shinchosha, the publisher of the original short story (although Disney has the Japanese habitation video distribution rights themselves, thus replacing the film'south original Japanese home video distributor, Bandai Visual).^[21] It was one of the final Studio Ghibli films to get an English-linguistic communication premiere past GKIDS.^[22]

Home media [edit]

Grave of the Fireflies was released in Japan on VHS by Buena Vista Home Amusement under the Ghibli ga Ippai Drove on 7 August 1998. On 29 July 2005, a DVD release was distributed through Warner Abode Video. Walt Disney Studios Nihon released the complete collector's edition DVD on vi August 2008. WDSJ released the motion-picture show on Blu-ray twice on xviii July 2012: i as a unmarried release, and one in a two-moving picture gear up with My Neighbour Totoro (fifty-fifty though Disney never currently owns the North American but Japanese rights as mentioned).

It was released on VHS in Northward America by Central Park Media in a subtitled course on 2 June 1993.^[23] They later on released the film with an English language dub on VHS on 1 September 1998 (the day Disney released Kiki'south Delivery Service) and an all-Regions DVD (which also included the original Japanese with English subtitles) on 7 October 1998. On viii Oct 2002, information technology was later released on a two-disc DVD set, which once again included both the English dub and the original Japanese with English subtitles as well equally the film'southward storyboards with the second disc containing a retrospective on the author of the original book, an interview with the director, and an interview with critic Roger Ebert, who felt the motion-picture show was 1 of the greatest of all time.^[24] It was released by Central Park Media 1 last time on 7 December 2004. Following the May 2009 bankruptcy and liquidation of Key Park Media,^[25] ADV Films acquired the rights and re-released information technology on DVD on vii July 2009.^[26] Post-obit the 1 September 2009 shutdown and re-branding of ADV,^[27] their successor, Sentai Filmworks, rescued the film and released a remastered DVD on 6 March 2012, and planned to release the pic on digital outlets.^{[28] [29]} A Blu-ray edition was released on 20 November 2012, featuring an all-new English dub produced past Seraphim Digital.^[30]

StudioCanal released a Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on ane July 2013, followed by Kiki'due south Delivery Service on the same format.^[31] Information technology was the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland'due south tenth almanac best-selling foreign language film on home video in 2019 (beneath vii other Japanese films, including six Hayao Miyazaki anime films).^[32] Madman Entertainment released the movie in Australia and New Zealand.

Reception [edit]

The film was modestly successful at the Japanese box office,^[33] where information technology grossed ¥one.vii billion.^[2] As part of the Studio Ghibli Fest 2018, the pic had a limited theatrical release in the U.s., grossing $516,962.^[three]

The Ghibli ga Ippai Collection domicile video release of Grave of the Fireflies sold 400,000 copies in Japan.^[34] At a price of at least ¥4,935,^[35] this is equivalent to at to the lowest degree ¥1.974 billion in sales revenue.

The film received universal critical acclaim. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times considered it to be one of the all-time and nigh powerful war films and, in 2000, included information technology on his list of neat films.^[24] The moving-picture show review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating based on xl reviews with an average rating of nine.xxx/10. The website'due south critical consensus reads: "An achingly sad anti-state of war motion picture, Grave of the Fireflies is one of Studio Ghibli'southward virtually profoundly beautiful, haunting works."^[36]

Filmmaker Akira Kurosawa praised the film and considered it his favourite Ghibli production. He wrote a letter of praise to Hayao Miyazaki, mistakenly believing he directed Grave of the Fireflies. Miyazaki himself praised the film as Takahata'south masterpiece, but criticized Seita for not behaving how he believes the son of a navy lieutenant should carry.^[37]

The movie ranked number 12 on Total Picture 's 50 greatest animated films.^[38] It was also ranked at number 10 in Fourth dimension Out 'due south "The 50 greatest World War II movies" listing.^[39] Empire magazine ranked the movie at number 6 in its list of "The Tiptop 10 Depressing Movies".^[40] The film ranked number 19 on Sorcerer's Anime Magazine on their "Acme 50 Anime released in Due north America".^[41] The Daily Star, ranking the moving picture 4th on its listing of greatest brusque story adaptations, wrote that "There is both much and little to say about the film. It is simply an feel—a trip through the alone boroughs of humanity that the globe collectively looked, and yet looks, away from".^[42] Theron Martin of Anime News Network said that, in terms of the original U.Southward. Manga Corps dub, while the other voices were "perfectly adequate", "Setsuko only doesn't sound quite convincing as a iv-year-former in English. That, unfortunately, is a big negative, since a good chunk of the pathos the movie delivers is at to the lowest degree partly dependent on that performance".^[28]

On 25 December 2016, Toei Company fabricated a Twitter mail service that read "Why did Kiriya have to die so soon?" ( なんできりやすぐ死んでしまうん , Nande Kiriya sugu shinde shimaun? ) in order to promote an episode of Kamen Rider Ex-Aid. The hashtag became pop, merely Toei deleted the tweet after receiving complaints that referencing the Grave of the Fireflies line "Why do fireflies die and so soon?" ( なんで蛍すぐ死んでしまうん , Nande hotaru sugu shinde shimaun ) was in poor sense of taste.^[43] Before that, the ranking website Goo'due south readers voted the film'southward ending the number 1 almost miserable of all anime films.^[44]

On June 2018, Us Today ranked 1st on the 100 all-time animated movies of all time.^[45]

Public reactions [edit]

Later on the international release, it has been noted that different audiences take interpreted the picture differently due to differences in civilization. For instance, when the flick was watched by a Japanese audience, Seita's decision to non come back to his aunt was seen as an understandable decision, as they were able to understand how Seita had been raised to value pride in himself and his country. But American and Australian audiences were more likely to perceive the decision as unwise, due to the cultural differences in club to try to save his sister and himself.^{[46] [47]}

Accolades [edit]

Twelvemonth	Accolade	Category	Recipient	Result
1989	Blue Ribbon Awards	Special Award	Isao Takahata	Won
1994	Chicago International Children's Film Festival	Animation Jury Honour		Won
		Rights of the Child Laurels		Won

Derivative works [edit]

Planned follow-up [edit]

Following the success of Grave of the Fireflies, Takahata drew upwards an outline for a follow-upwards movie, based on similar themes just set in 1939 at the start of the 2d World War. This moving-picture show was chosen Edge 1939, based on the novel The Border by Shin Shikata, and would have told the story of a Japanese teenager from colonial Seoul joining an anti-Japanese resistance group in Mongolia. The film was intended as an indictment of Japanese imperialist sentiment, which is briefly touched upon in Grave of the Fireflies. Although Takahata finished a full outline (which is republished in his volume Thoughts While Making Movies), the film was canceled before production could start due to the 1989 Tiananmen Foursquare protests. Public opinion in Nippon had turned against Prc, and Ghibli's benefactor felt a picture partly set at that place was besides risky.^[48]

2005 live-activeness version [edit]

NTV in Japan produced a live-action TV drama of Grave of the Fireflies, in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II. The drama aired on ane Nov 2005. Like the anime, the live-activity version of Grave of the Fireflies focuses on 2 siblings struggling to survive the final months of the war in Kobe, Nippon. Different the animated version, information technology tells the story from the point of view of their cousin (the aunt's daughter) and deals with the consequence of how the state of war-time surround could change a kind lady into a hard-hearted woman. It stars Nanako Matsushima as the aunt, also as Mao Inoue as their cousin.

2008 live-activity version [edit]

A dissimilar live-action version was released in Japan on 5 July 2008, Reo Yoshitake [ja] as Seita, Rina Hatakeyama [ja] as Setsuko, Keiko Matsuzaka as the aunt, and Seiko Matsuda as the children'southward female parent. Like the anime, this live-action version of Grave of the Fireflies focuses on ii siblings struggling to survive the final months of the state of war in Kobe, Japan.^[49]

See too [edit]

• Air raids against Japan during World War Ii
• Evacuations of civilians in Japan during World State of war Ii
• Barefoot Gen, a manga series prepare in the backwash of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
• Frail Dreams: Farewell Ruins of the Moon, a video game with similarities to the pic.^[50]

References [edit]

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50. ^ Rea, Jasmine (6 May 2010). "In Defence force of Frail Dreams: Farewell Ruins of the Moon". Bitmob. VentureBeat. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012.

Further reading [edit]

• Goldberg, Wendy (2009). Lunning, Frenchy (ed.). "Transcending the Victim's History: Takahata Isao's Grave of the Fireflies". Mechademia. University of Minnesota Press. four: 39–52. doi:10.1353/mec.0.0030. ISBN9780816667499.
• Hooks, Ed (2005). "Grave of the Fireflies". Acting in Animation: A Wait at 12 Films. Heinemann Drama. pp. 67–83. ISBN9780325007052.
• Rosser, Michael (23 November 2012). "Dresden to produce live action Grave of the Fireflies". Screen Daily . Retrieved 24 November 2012.

External links [edit]

• Grave of the Fireflies at Nausicaa.net
• Grave of the Fireflies Hotaru no haka (Grave of the Fireflies) at IMDb
• Hotaru no haka (Grave of the Fireflies) at Rotten Tomatoes
• Hotaru no haka (Grave of the Fireflies) (film) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
• Hotaru no haka (Grave of the Fireflies) at The Big Cartoon DataBase
• Alive-activity version of Grave of the Fireflies (in Japanese)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_of_the_Fireflies

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